[NOTE: - Name of answer file is unattend.txt. Windist share folder contains the file unattend.txt. When we copy these files in floppy drive then it’s name known as WINNT.SIF.]

On Y-machine: -

START- RUN- \\10.0.0.1\WINDIST\I386\WINNT32.EXE /UNATTEND :\\10.0.0.1\WINDIST\UNATTEND.TXT.

WHAT IS WELCOME SCREEN AND SWITCHING USERS IN WINDOWS XP PROFESSIONAL? Down BACK

Welcome screen and switching users both are the part of windows xp professional. You can only use this option when your machine is in workgroup. Switching users can affect your RAM and CPU utilization so you use this option when required.

TO ENABLE WELCOME SCREEN AND SWITCHING USERS: -

Start – Control panel – User accounts – Change the logon or log off way

Check both boxes – Apply options.

GROUP: - Group is a collection of users that is used to assign the permissions.

TO CREATE THE LOCAL USERS AND GROUPS: -

Method-1 Start –Programs – Administrative tools – Computer management.

Method-2 My computer (R. C.) – Manage – Computer management.

Method-3 Start – Run – Compmgmt.msc- Click Ok.

BUILT-IN GROUPS: -

Power users group: -

The member of power users group performs the following functions –

The member of this group can change the system time.

The member of this group can manage the printer.

The member of this group can also create local users and groups. The member of this group can manage the local users and groups created by him.

The member of this group can share and unshared the folders.

Network configuration operators: -

The member of this group can manage the network settings.

Administrators: -

The member of this group can manage the whole settings.

Backup operators: -

The member of this group can perform backup by using backup wizard.

[NET- This command is use to manage users and groups.]

TO CREATE NEW USER BY COMMAND LINE: - BACK

net user Krishna /add *

TO DELETE USER BY COMMAND LINE: -

net user Krishna /delete

TO CREATE MEMBER OF GROUPS BY COMMNDLINE: -

net localgroup “power users” Krishna /add

TO CREATE LOCALGROUP BY COMMAND LINE: -

net localgroup sales /add

TO DELETE LOCALGROUP BY COMMAND LINE: -

net localgroup sales /delete

TO CHANGE USERS PASSWORD :-

net user Krishna *

TO SEE NUMBER OF USERS: -

net user

TO SHOW NUMBER OF GROUPS: -

net localgroup

TO SHOW INFORMATION ABOUT USERS: -

net user Krishna

PASSWORD AND ACCOUNT POLICIES IN WINDOWS XP PROFESSIONAL: -

START – PROGRAMS – ADMINISTRATIVE TOOLS – LOCAL SECURITY POLICY

ACCOUNT LOCKOUT POLICY: -

Account lockout duration – maximum 99999 minutes.

Account lockout threshold – maximum 999 logon attempts.

Reset account lockout counter after – maximum 99999 minutes.

PASSWORD POLICY: -

Enforce password history – maximum 24 passwords remember.

Maximum password age – 999 days.

Minimum password age.

Password must meet complexity requirements- this should enable for the security purpose.

Store password using reversible encryption for all users in the domain.

NEXT BACK

SHUTDOWN COMMAND IN WINDOWS XP PROFESSIONAL AND ALSO 2003 SERVER: -

shutdown –s (For shutdown the system, By default 30 seconds.)

shutdown –a (For abort shutdown the system.)

shutdown – l (For logoff the machine.)

shutdown – i (Shutdown number of system together.)

shutdown –s –t 100 (After 100 sec machine will be shutdown.)

shutdown –r (For shutdown and restart the system.)

shutdown –m \\computername (Remote computer to shutdown/restart/abort.)

shutdown –t xx (Set timeout for shutdown to xx seconds.)

shutdown –c “comment” (Shutdown, comment max. of 127 characters.)

shutdown –f (Forces running application to close without warning.)

shutdown –d [w][p] :xx:yy (The reason code for the shutdown.)

u- is the user code.

P –is the planned shutdown code.

xx – is the major reason code. (Positive integer less than 256.)

yy is the minor reason code. (Positive integer less than 65536.)

USER PROFILE: - User’s setting available in documents and settings.

TO VIEW USER PROFILE SETTINGS: -

START (R.C.) – EXPLORE – CLICK USERNAME

TO VIEW PASSWORD AND ACCOUNT LOCKOUT POLICY BY COMMAND LINE: -

START- RUN – CMD – NET ACCOUNTS

TO DISABLE OR ENABLE USER ACCOUNTS: -

NET USER USERNAME /ACTIVE:NO

NET USER USERNAME /ACTIVE:YES

TO UNCHEK THE ACCOUNT IS LOCKED OUT: -

MY COMPUTER (R.C.) – MANAGE – LOCAL USERS AND GROUPS –USERS – R.C. ON USERNAME – PROPERTIES - UNCHEK THE ACCOUNT IS LOCKED OUT

CUSTOMIZING THE STARTUP FOLDER: -

Start (R.C.) – open – programs – startup – Make a new folder and create a text document.

(Now it will come on that desktop through which we are logged in currently.)

SEND MESSAGES TO USERS: -

Create a notepad file and write MSGBOX “HI HOW ARE YOU” and then copy it and paste into the startup folder and give the file name A.vbs. (HERE, A is filename and .vbs is file extension.)

Users variable in windows XP professional: -

It is implement on windows xp, 2000,and 2003 server.

VARIABLE: - Point out to a certain location in system.

THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF VARIABLE: -

User variable – Manually defined.

System variable – Automatic defined.

Auto executable variable – In this system32 files are available.

STEPS: - Create a new folder in E: name hcl/data/hcl1/raj. After that my computer (R.C.) – Properties – Advanced – Environmental variables – New – Give the variable name and path of the folder. (Value- Path, Variable- Name)

NOW, Start – Run - %folder name% - Ok (%winder% - for windows folder.)

APPLYING LOG-ON AND LOG-OFF SCRIPTS IN WINDOWS XP PROFESSIONAL: -

Start – Run – gpedit.msc

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF SCRIPT: -

Log on/Log off – For users.

Startup/shutdown – For computers.

STEPS: - Create a new folder in C: (C drive) and create a file on notepad and save in that folder, after that on notepad write – MSGBOX “hello” – save as raj.vbs. Again create a file on notepad write 0MSGBOX “bye” – save as ram.vbs]

NOW, Start – Run –gpedit.msc – Windows settings –Scripts –Log on and log off – Double click on log on – give the path – ok. Again double click on log off – Give the path – ok.

Now, logoff the system and log on again then script will run.

HARDWARE PROFILE: - BACK Down

Hardware profile concept is basically useful for mobile users or laptop users.

We create hardware profile to minimize the usage of battery in laptop computers.

Docking station device – For profile switching without restarting.

TO CREATE HARDWARE PROFILE: -

Steps: - My computer (R.C) – properties – Hardware – Hardware profiles – copy – name of profile – ok - ok.

Customizing my documents folder: - change the location of my documents and settings file and save it to another drive.

DISK QUOTA – It applies on windows 2000 professional, xp professional, 2000 server, 2003 server, Vista or longhorn server (2008 Server).

It supports NTFS partition.

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF DISK QUOTA: -

* Default disk quota – For all users, we apply it.

*Individual disk quota – For specific user, we can apply it.

Disk quota - Applying limit to the users.

It applies by the administrator.

*Steps: - My computer – c:(R.C) – properties – disk quota -Enable quota (check both box) – quota entries – quota -ok.

What is driver roll back in windows xp professional? BACK

ANS – driver roll back is the feature of windows xp and windows server 2003.

Driver is a software programs that enables your device to communicate within operating system.

* There are two types of driver: -

(1) Plug and play- Already driver installed or automatically finds driver.

(2) Non –plug and play- lately driver have to install

*Update - Modification

*Upgrade – New installation

EXAMPLE: -

Suppose LAN driver version-1 is installed and after that we updated version-2 and then if version-2 doesn’t work properly, we can roll back the version-1.

Printer’s driver cannot be roll back because it does not show in device manager.

Printer’s driver is managing software.

*Steps: - My computer (R.C) – properties – hardware – device manager – LAN driver (R.C) – properties – driver – rollback driver.

* FAST (files and setting transfer wizard): -

-This is the feature of windows xp and 98, 95, Me, NT operating systems.

-Through fast we can change the users desktop and settings.

*Steps: - change desktop wall paper (background) and then create two users a and b

Log in user a - start – programs – accessories – system tool – files and transfer setting wizard – next – choose old computer – next –select a transfer method … choose, other (for example, removable drive or network drive)- browse –my computer – c: - make a new folder –ok –next –what do you want to transfer – next – finish

Now, log in user b –start – programs –accessories – system tools – files and transfer settings wizard – next – choose new computer –next – do you have a windows xp cd , select last option I don’t need the wizard disk – next – where are the files and setting select other -browse give the folder path – next –finish -log off the user and again log-in to same user.

* Backup and recovery: - BACK DOWN

The backup utility helps you create a copy of the information on your hard disk. If the original data of hard disk is accidentally erased then we find it using restore program.

*Steps: -

1.start –programs – accessories – system tools –backup

2. Start – run –NTBACKUP

* Types of backup: -

(1) Normal backup / full backup

(2) Incremental backup

(3) Differential backup

(4) Copy backup

(5) Daily backup

- In many companies Normal+Incremental or Normala+Differential backup are used.

-Backup are using from windows 2000 to till now

-For security purpose we use Normal+Differential backup.

-Normal+Differential backup used more space.

-Normal+Incremental backup uses less space.

Archive bit: - The backup software filters the files, using a special file attribute called the archive bit. It is a check mark.

(1) Normal backup/Full backup: - It copies the entire contents of a computer’s either to tape or to another medium. We can Performa full backup every day.

(2) Incremental backup: - Incremental backup only backing up the files that have changed since the lost backup, whether it was a full backup or an Incremental backup. Its restore process is lengthens. If you should have to restore on entire computer you must first perform a restore from the last full backup tape, and must then restore each of the incremental jobs performed since the last full backup. Incremental backup reset the archive bits.

(3) Differential backup: - Differential backup, backups all of the files that have changed since the last full backup. It uses more tape, because some of the same files are backed up each day. Its restore process is very simply. It doesn’t reset the archive bits.

(4) Daily backup: - It doesn’t clear the archive bit. If any user creates a folder and text document name a.txt on 6^th march and another user, wants to backup up of that folder. Then user will be backup on same date mean to say that only 6^th march. If after 6^th user will want to take backup then, can’t perform backup of that documents.

(5) Copy backup: -When we don’t take differential+Incremental backup then we use it. It doesn’t clear the archive bit. It seems as normal backup.

Steps 1: - Create a new folder in E: (Name Data/Create two files)- Select a file (R.C.) – Properties – Advanced – See archive bit check mark.

* FOR BACKUP WIZARD: -

1. Start – Run – ntbackup

2. Start – Programs – Accessories – system tools – Select backup

Steps 2: - Start – run – ntbackup – click advanced mode – click backup wizard – next – what to backup:

Backup selected files, drives or network data ->next -> choose a place to save your backup browse (click) and give the path and backup name – save – next – advanced – select the type of backup – next –(.) select 1-st and last options – next – (.) select first option – next – (.) Now

(.) Later –Next-finish-Close

After that backing up, delete folders, files and start the restore program.

Steps for Restore Program: - For Start – run – ntbackup – click advanced mode

-Restore wizard – next – select the item, which have to restore – next – finish – close.

* What is share folder in windows XP professional? BACK DOWN

Ans: - share folder is accessible folder, which is access by another computer on the network.

Share Method: -

* By using net share command

(It is use to also see the share folder.)

* By using computer management

* By using windows explorer

(It is use to access the share folder)

Method to access the share folder: -

* My network places

* By using UNC Path (Universal Naming convention)

Start-run-\\ip address name of pc\folder name

* In Internet explorer bar- \\ip address or name of pc\folder name.

It is a network path.

Who can share the folder?

Ans: - The member of administrators and power users group can share the folder.

Types of sharing: -

(a) Normal share - \\pc1\123 (folder name) - using two ways, we can perform normal share.

(b) Hidden share - \\pc1\123 $ (folder name $) – using one-way, we can perform hidden share. ($ - Hidden shine for folder)

Steps: - My computer- R.C. on folder (which have to share) – Sharing and security – share name – maximum allowed – permissions – apply - ok.

BY COMMAND LINE: -

Start – run – cmd – ok – now type on c:\

netshare sharename (abc) =E:\xyz (folder name and path)

SHARE FOLDER BY COMPUTER MANAGEMENT: -

My computer (R.C.) – manage – shared folder – shares – R.C. on blank space – new file share wizard – next – select path and share name – next – next – refresh.

NOTE: - In windows xp professional maximum allowed is 10 for share folder. But in server 2003 there are unlimited user allowed.

OFFLINE FILES: -

When remote desktop and switch user are disabled then offline files work.

Offline files concept is useful feature for mobile users (laptop). By default the option of offline files are disabled. When you make your file as offline file it comes under the local cache of your computer.

STEPS: - Tools – folder options – offline files – apply – ok.

NOTE: - It applies on windows server 2000 and advanced (Later) version.

TO OPEN REMOTE DESKTOP: -

My computer (R.C.) – properties – Remote desktop.

SYNCHRONIZATION: - BACK

There are two types of synchronization in offline files: -

(a) Manual synchronization

(b) Automatic synchronization

YOU CAN PERFORM AUTOMATIC SYNCHRONIZATION IN TWO WAYS: -

Log on and log off

On scheduling

Manual

Steps: - On 1-st machine (server) - create a new folder in c:\ abc and create a text document and write something. After that share the folder and give the full control.

Now on second machine (Laptop):-

Start – run - \\IP address of 1-st machine (server) - ok- select folder abc and open the file. Now, Tools – folder option – offline files –

[.] Enable offline files

[ ] Synchronize all offline files when logging on

[.] Synchronize all offline files before logging off

[.] Display a reminder every […………….] minute

[.] Create an offline files shortcut on the desktop

[ ] Encrypt offline files to secure data – apply - ok

Now, R.C. on file – makes available offline and after that disables the LAN.

Now again, open the file with notepad – ok – open and write something whatever you want – save.

Now, enable the LAN again R.C. on file – synchronize.

Now on 1-st machine: -

Open that folder and right click –refresh.

After that all written words and letters are comes on that file.

BATCH FILE: -For fast work we create a batch file.

STEPS: - START – Programs – accessories – notepad (Write whatever you want to open) – Calc.exe

Regedit.exe

Notepad.exe

– Save on desktop and give the name hcl.bat – save.

Now open that file.

Or, Start – run – gpedit.msc – windows settings – log on/log off – give the path of file - ok.

CREATE USER BY USING COMMANDLINE ON NOTEPAD: -

net user abc /add

net user abc1 /add

net user abc2 /add

net user abc3 /add

net user abc4 /add

net user abc5 /add

After that – save this file on desktop, give the file name ram.bat – save – close the notepad.

Now, open ram.bat

TO CHECK NEW USER ENTRY: - My computer (R.C.) – manage – local users and groups – select users.

POWER SCHEMES: -Power scheme defines most appropriate settings on your computer.

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF POWER SCHEMES: -

(1) Default power schemes

(2) Customize power schemes

YOU CAN SET TWO TYPES OF OPTIONS IN POWER SCHEMES: -

(a) Turn off monitor

(b) Turn off hard disk

NOTE: - You can choose your power scheme according to the situation, for example if you are giving presentation or seminar then in this case you can choose presentation power scheme.

STEPS: -R.C. on desktop – properties – screen saver – power – power schemes – select options according to requirement – apply – ok.

To create new power schemes – click save as – and give the power schemes name – ok.

Settings for power schemes: -

Turn on monitor…According to situation… (In minutes)

Turn off hard disk…Never… (In minutes) – Apply – ok.

DEVICE MANAGER: - BACK DOWN

By using device manager you can install, modify, update and remove your hardware devices.

Driver is a software program that enables your device to communicate within operating system.

COMPUTER MANAGEMENT AND DISK MANAGEMENT: -

My computer (R.C.) – manages – system tools – device manager – change the settings in computer (according to need).

We can install and uninstall the devices by using computer management.

We can also update the driver.

For any settings whatever we want right click on device – properties – advanced settings – ok.

BY COMMANDLINE: -

Start – run – compmgmt.msc

DISK MANAGEMENT: -

My computer (R.C.) – manage – storage – disk management – create a new partition and also we can delete, change drive letter, format; delete logical drive, properties also.

MICROSOFT MANAGEMENT CONSOLE (MMC) IN WINDOWS XP PROFESSIONAL: -

By using MMC command we can create shortcut of any programs on desktop (As a batch file), whatever we want to open.

STEPS: - Start – run – mmc – ok – click on file tab – Add/Remove snap-in – add – select the programs, whatever we want to open – add – (.) local computer – finish – close – ok

Again click on file, file save as – desktop (Where you want to save) – give the file name – save close console root.

Now, open that file.

Extension of MMC file is .msc.

SECONDARY LOG ON (RUN –AS FEATURE) OR, BY USING A USER CREATES A NEW USER: -

Steps: - Start – programs – administrative tools – computer management – run as – (.) The following user

User name …Administrator……

Password……hcl@123…. – ok – Click local users and groups – users – R.C. on blank space – Make a new folder.

DOWN BACK

TROUBLESHOOTING (NETWORKING) IN WINDOWS XP PROFESSIONAL: -

STEPS: - Start – run – cmd –ok.

Ipconfig /all- Details about windows IP configuration.

Ipconfig – Show windows IP address.

Ping (Packet Internet Groper)

Ping is used to check the network connectivity to other systems.

Ping is the king in networking.

We can ping the by using IP address and systems name.

By using ping 10.0.0.1 –t

It means ping the specified host until stopped. To see statistics and continue press control+ Break; to stop- press control+C.

Ping 10.0.0.1 –a: - Resolve address to hostnames.

Ping 10.0.0.1 –n: - number of echo requests to send.

Ping 10.0.0.1 –l: - Send buffer size.

Ping 10.0.0.1 –f: - Set doesn’t fragment flag in packet.

Ping 10.0.0.1 –I TTL: - Time To Live

Ping 10.0.0.1 –v TOS: - Type of service.

Ping 10.0.0.1 –r count: - Record route for count hops.

Ping 10.0.0.1 –s count: - Timestamp for count hops.

Ping 10.0.0.1 –j host-list: - Loose source route along host-list.

Ping 10.0.0.1 –k host-list: - Strict source route along host-list.

Ping 10.0.0.1 –w timeout: - Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.

Ping –n 10 10.0.0.1 (10= number of reply)

ERROR DURING PING COMMAND: -

Request time out: - cable fault, wrong IP and if machine is shutdown then it comes.

Destination host unreachable: - when default gateway is blank then it comes.

Unknown host: - If we types wrong systems name then it comes.

Hardware error: - cause of switch fluctuation problem, LAN card problem and also cable problems.

NETSH: - by using this command you can change the IP address and subnet masks.

CHANGE IP ADDRESS BY COMMANDLINE: -

netsh interface ip set address name=”LAN” source=static addr=10.0.0.1 mask=255.0.0.0

PRINTER: -

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF PRINTER: -

(a) Local printer: - Where printer is installed on one machine.

(b) Network printer: - One printer installed on one machine but for other computers that printer is called network printer.

The server on which printer is installed or defined is called print server.

In windows xp professional we can install only 10 clients but in windows 2003 server and 2000 server, there are no limits of clients.

TERMS OF PRINTER: -

(a) Spooler

(b) Printer pooling

Network

ppp

(Printer) (Pc-1) (Pc-2)

For Pc-1 this printer is local printer and for Pc-2, this printer is network printer.

Spooler: -Spooler is a directory or folder that keeps print job until they are printed.

Location of spooler: - E:\windows\system32\spool\printers.

After that printing, the list of print command is deleted.

It stores all commands in row (queue).

Its location may be change.

STEPS: - Click on printer – file – server properties – advanced – spool folder………………………..Give the new location.

COMMAND FOR PRINTER: - Start – programs – accessories – WordPad – write anything, whatever you want – give the print command – after that all command are stored in spool folder.

Printer pooling: -

HP 3000 (Printer-1)

HP 3000 (Printer-2)

Pc-1 (Xp machine)

HP 3000 (Printer-3)

(Client Pc)

Printer pooling is redirection of the job to the available printer.

When any client give the print command and that time one printer is busy then it automatically forward print command to the next printer, which are not working on that time.

Printer priority: -When two users send the print command together then it works on the basis of maximum priority.

Minimum priority is 1 and maximum is 99.

STEPS: - At first install one printer name printer-1 and one logical printer of printer-1 and create two new users – R.C. on printer-1 – properties – security – add – advanced – find now – select user – apply – ok.

Now, on second printer (Logical printer) – properties – advanced – available from (Give the time) …12AM to 2 PM…

Priority (Select priority=3, For example) - apply – ok.

PERMISSIONS:

(a) Print: - For users.

(b) Manage printers: - For power users and administrator group members.

INSTALLATION OF PRINTER: - BACK

Start – settings – printer and faxes – add a printer – next – local or network printer (Select one whatever you want to install) – next – (.) use the following ports (LPT1) OR, Create a new port – next – select manufacturer and printers – (.) Existing same driver

( ) Replace driver - Default printer

( ) Yes

(.) No - Next – (.) Do not share this printer OR, ( ) share name – do you want to print a test page ( ) yes

( ) No - Next – Finish.

RIS (REMOTE INSTALLATION SERVICES): -

PXE- BOOT RAM is required for RIS.

PXE (Pre- Executable Bootable)

Press shift+F10 to enable PXE-boot RAM.

RBFG (Remote Boot Floppy Generator) for floppy drive.

ON SERVER MACHINE (PC1) INSTALL THESE SERVICES: -

DHCP SERVER

DOMAIN CONTROLLER

DNS SERVER

RIS SERVER

In windows 2003 sp-2, we can also deploy vista and 2008 operating system.

In windows 2003 sp-2, RIS known as WDS (Windows Deployment Service)

Now, on client machine (pc2) boot from LAN card and press F12.

BACK

Monday, November 23, 2009

Managing and Maintaining Windows XP professional

EDITION TYPES OF WINDOWS XP: - INDEX

XP PROFESSIONAL AND XP HOME EDITION DIFFERENCE BETWEEN: -

OPERATING SYSTEM: - BACK DOWN

EXAMPLES OF NETWORKING SERVICES: - BACK

CLIENT OPERATING SYSTEM: - Back Down

* MINIMUM REQUIREMENT TO INSTALL WINDOWS XP PROFESSIONAL: -

* TYPES OF INSTALLATION (2000, 2003 and XP windows): -

WHAT IS WELCOME SCREEN AND SWITCHING USERS IN WINDOWS XP PROFESSIONAL? Down BACK

TO CREATE THE LOCAL USERS AND GROUPS: -

TO CREATE NEW USER BY COMMAND LINE: - BACK

PASSWORD AND ACCOUNT POLICIES IN WINDOWS XP PROFESSIONAL: -

SHUTDOWN COMMAND IN WINDOWS XP PROFESSIONAL AND ALSO 2003 SERVER: -

TO VIEW PASSWORD AND ACCOUNT LOCKOUT POLICY BY COMMAND LINE: -

DISK QUOTA – It applies on windows 2000 professional, xp professional, 2000 server, 2003 server, Vista or longhorn server (2008 Server).

* Backup and recovery: - BACK DOWN

OFFLINE FILES: -

POWER SCHEMES: -Power scheme defines most appropriate settings on your computer.

DEVICE MANAGER: - BACK DOWN

SECONDARY LOG ON (RUN –AS FEATURE) OR, BY USING A USER CREATES A NEW USER: -

Start – settings – printer and faxes – add a printer – next – local or network printer (Select one whatever you want to install) – next – (.) use the following ports (LPT1) OR, Create a new port – next – select manufacturer and printers – (.) Existing same driver

RIS (REMOTE INSTALLATION SERVICES): -

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